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#1 Introduction The research of many drugs has led to the understanding of the principles underlying all drugs. The two authors, Sharma and Sharma, attempt to present the principles of pharmacology in this book. This is done through a sequence of chapters that cover Basics, The Pharmacological Cycles, Biological Clocks, Neurotransmitters And Receptors And Their Mechanisms Of Action, Drug Actions On Other Organs And Systems Of The Body-Cardiovascular System-The Effects Of Drugs on Blood Pressure-Liver Functions-Effects On Muscles And Bone Tissues. #2 Fibrinolysis Fibrinolysis is an abbreviation used for fibrin clot formation. Thus, fibrinolysis is a medical term used to describe a process that leads to the formation of a fibrin clot. Fibrinolysis is a complex biological cycle that leads to the breakdown of a blood clot and its components released from blood platelets during injury or inflammation. This process involves the activation of many effects including those from prostaglandins, thrombin, and tissue plasminogen activator as well as those from the coagulation cascade. In order for this process to occur, there are several steps involved in these processes including those of enzymes and hormones called plasminogen activators. Fibrinolysis also involves the fibrin, which is a protein that is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin through the process of clotting. This process produces an insoluble matrix like these of other blood clotting processes. This insoluble matrix is composed of polymers of fibrin strands that form a meshwork for blood cells to clump together. The breakdown of this insoluble material occurs when enzymes are introduced known as plasminogen activators. These enzymes cleave single fibrin strands into many small fragments that are then cleared up by phagocytes or lysed into small spherical particles called microparticles. These microparticles are the active form of the fibrin material that can be recycled for use by the fibrinolysis process. This process is also known as plasminogen activation and is a series of steps that leads to fibrin clot formation. In order for this process to occur, there are several steps involved in these processes including those of enzymes and hormones called plasminogen activators. One example of a plasminogen activator is thrombin which serves as a cofactor for the enzymatic breakdown of a fibrin clotting factor called tissue-type plasminogen activator or t-PA. This enzyme is capable of converting plasminogen into its active form which allows for the dissolution of fibrin deposits. The plasminogen activator is another enzyme that is essential in the breakdown of blood clots. This enzyme also serves as a cofactor in the enzymatic conversion of plasminogen to its active form. The final step required in this process involves fibrinolysis which refers to the complete breakdown of fibrin deposits through the use of enzymes known as plasminogen activators. This process occurs by activation or cleavage of fibrin strands or fibers via product formation known as microparticles or microfibrils. eccc085e13